When the object is placed against the lens, the output at the focal plane is the Fourier Transform of the object, multiplied by a quadratic phase curvature factor. If the object were placed in the front focal plane, this phase curvature would also disappear, yielding a pure Fourier Transform.
Testing your understanding of Joseph W. Goodman’s Introduction to Fourier Optics (3rd Edition) often requires more than just finding a final numerical answer; it demands a grasp of the underlying physical principles of diffraction, coherence, and linear systems. When the object is placed against the lens,
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