The beauty of Literary Theory is that after Eagleton tears down the old building, he spends the rest of the book showing you new foundations (Marxism, Feminism, Psychoanalysis, Post-Structuralism). If you stop at "The Rise of English," you risk becoming a cynical nihilist. Eagleton is a Marxist humanist; he wants you to hate the ideology of English so that you can love literature properly.
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Terry Eagleton’s essay "The Rise of English" (originally a chapter in his 1983 classic Literary Theory: An Introduction ) is not a dry chronology of Chaucer to Shakespeare. Instead, it is a sharp, Marxist-inflected genealogy of how "English Literature" became a formal academic discipline. Eagleton argues that English rose not because of an innate love of beauty or timeless truth, but because the British ruling class needed a new "spiritual" apparatus to fill the void left by the decline of religion. The beauty of Literary Theory is that after