(V_Ed ≈ 35 kN/m from analysis): ( v_Rd,c = C_Rd,c k (100ρ_1 f_ck)^1/3 b_w d ) ρ₁ = As/(b d) = 565/(1000×204)=0.00277, k=1+(200/204)^0.5=1.99 ≤ 2.0. v_Rd,c ≈ 0.12×1.99×(100×0.00277×30)^1/3×1000×204/1000 = 42.2 kN > 35 kN → OK.
Design life: 100 years (Class 4 structure – EN 1990). Relevant codes: box culvert design calculations eurocode 2021
: The analysis yields Bending Moments ($M$), Shear Forces ($V$), and Axial Forces ($N$) at critical locations (corners and mid-spans). (V_Ed ≈ 35 kN/m from analysis): ( v_Rd,c
Calculate the required reinforcement area $A_s$ for the critical moments ($M_Ed$). c = C_Rd